According to the AWS (American Welding Society) a groove weld is a weld on a work piece surface, between work piece edges, between work piece surfaces, or between work piece edges and surfaces. The actual weld groove is a channel in the surface of the work piece or an opening between two joint members providing space to contain weld metal. There are 9 types of single grooves welds and 7 types of double groove welds. All groove welds – other than square and flare groove welds – require metal to be removed from either one or both faces of the work-piece.
What is G in welding?
When referring to welding position, a number is used to discuss the actual position and an F or G is used to discuss whether it’s a Fillet (F) or Groove (in this case and G) weld. For a better understanding look to the information below:
- Flat Position: Is referred to using the number 1 and depending on whether it’s a Fillet or Groove Weld is categorized as 1F or 1G
- Horizontal Position: Is referred to using the number 2 and depending on whether it’s a Fillet or Groove Weld is categorized as 2F or 2G
- Vertical Position: Is referred to using the number 3 and depending on whether it’s a Fillet or Groove Weld is categorized as 3F or 3G
- Overhead Position: Is referred to using the number 4 and depending on whether it’s a Fillet or Groove Weld is categorized as 4F or 4G
So, G refers to Groove weld in welding.
What are the types of groove joints?
The different types of groove joints can be single (meaning one side of the joint only) or double (meaning both sides of the joint). The different types of groove joints are:
- V-groove
- J-groove
- U-groove
- Scarf
- Square Groove
- Flare V-Groove
- Flare Bevel Groove
How is a weld groove structured?
Groove welds are made of an arrow line, reference line, a tail, Weld procedure specifications, and a groove weld symbol. Despite popular belief, groove weld symbols can be much more complicated than fillet weld symbols are. Another thing to keep in mind is that groove welds can also be combined with fillet welds.
What are groove welding symbols?
Much like all other weld symbols the reference line of a groove weld is drawn horizontally; it contains all of the weld type information and connects the arrow line as well as the tail. The bottom of the reference point on the groove weld is called the arrow side. The tail of the weld is an optimal element and is where the information for the weld is located.
The rot opening of the weld is used to provide access for the welding electrode as well as improves the penetration of the weld on the work pieces. In instances where the weld gap is insufficient to penetrate the work piece they are angled. One will also only find a bevel in the work piece when it is angled.
What are Groove Welds used for?
Corner Welding Joints
There are a number of corner welding joints. This is one of the most popular welding joints in the sheet metal industry and are used on the outer edges of the piece. This joint comes together between 2 pieces of metal at a right angle to make an L. They’re typically used when making box frames and boxes.
The types of groove joints used to create corner joints are:
- V-Groove Weld
- U-Groove Weld
- Bevel Groove Weld
- J-Groove Weld
- Flare-V-Groove Weld
- Square-Groove Weld
Edge Welding Joint
Edge welding joints are typically applied to sheet metal parts with flanging edges or are placed at a location where the weld must be made to attach to adjacent pieces.
The types of groove joints used to create edge welding joints are:
- Bevel-Groove weld
- J-groove weld
- Square-groove weld
- V-Groove weld
- U-Groove Weld
Lap Welding Joint
Lap welding joints are used to join 2 pieces with differing thicknesses. A weld can be made on both sides of the metal with lap welding joints. Lap joints are formed when 2 pieces are placed in an over lapping pattern on top of each other.
- J-Groove
- Flare-bevel groove weld
- Bevel-groove weld
Tee Welding Joint
Tee welding joints are formed when two members intersect at 90 degree angle which results in the edges coming together in the center of the plate / component.
The types of groove welds used to create tee welding joints are:
- Bevel – groove weld
- J-groove weld
- Flare-bevel groove weld
Butt Welding Joint
Butt joints are a universally accepted method for attaching pipes to themselves. Butt Welding Joints are also called square groove welds and are known to be the easiest / most common weld. It’s made of two flat pieces that are placed parallel, side by side.
The types of groove joints used to create butt joints are:
- Flare-bevel-groove butt weld
- Flare V-Groove butt weld
- U Groove Butt Weld
- J Groove Butt Weld
- V Groove Butt Weld
- Square Groove Butt Weld
- Bevel Groove Butt Weld
